Strategic management practise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic management practise - Assignment Example Examination of data and appropriate literature has uncovered that Sony maintains the most significant strategic issues associated with ineffective marketing strategies, a culture of power distance that forbids teamwork and collaboration, and poor positioning in its markets among competition. It is recommended that Sony work toward making a more decentralised and collaborative organisational culture, cease its process of quality and innovation positioning as part of brand management and marketing, and enact a performance management ideology that includes the 360 degree feedback mechanism as well as strategic and tactical dashboard to improve control and metrics production to guarantee more return on investment for the recommended changes. This should position Sony more competently among very diverse competitors worldwide. Strategy is the process of determining the long-run aspirations and goals of a business and deciding on the specific action plans and resource allocations required to achieve determined objectives (Nag, Hambrick and Chen 2007). Strategy is inclusive of management activities whereby direction for the firm is established, guidance provided to subordinate support staff members, and where the structure of the organisation is established. Strategic management is the development and implementation of objectives issued by a firm’s management team in order to position a business in a desirable future state. Businesses consist of many inter-dependent divisions that assist a firm in achieving its strategic goals, the firm’s value chain, which consist of marketing, production, human resources, customer service systems, technologies and other operational business components (Maritz and Salaran 2010). Strategic management is the process of aligning these divisions in the most effective and productive methodology so that the business can achieve its mission and guide the organisation toward its long-term goals. Through the proper

Wall and Piece Essay Example for Free

Wall and Piece Essay Over the years, there have been evidences and reports of people beginning to admire street art. There have been news reports stating that street works from internationally known urban artists have been covered with perspex glass in order to preserve it, or that there have been security cameras placed by it to prevent it from being stolen. There are other reports regarding urban art movements which people have learned to accept because of the relevance of the messages encrypted within the artwork. There are different modern art movements that address social issues relevant to the present. Street art has gained an audience and is gradually being accepted in society. This is due to graffiti art being utilized for commercial purposes as seen in advertisements, and the existence of different graffiti movements, such as GreenGraffiti, where pressurized water is used to create â€Å"clean† designs on the surface of public areas (Imam). Urban art is not just vandalism, for it has become a style that advertising agencies pay attention to now because it appeals to their target audiences. There have also been movements made to make graffiti socially relevant and acceptable to people. Artists do not only use their art to express their emotions, but also to give importance to social issues occurring in the country. An example of such work is that of Bastardilla, whose artwork concerns the homeless and indigenous people, and this is considered protest art seen in Columbia. People may, at times, praise her work, but at the same time are given a reminder for what the real social issue is (Manco 10). Urban art is not just used for artists to be expressive and creative with what they can do with their mural-sized canvases. Their art can be utilized to help people be aware of social issues. This goes to show that street art is not just an aesthetic, but also symbolism for issues that are not well known. Through painting these on walls seen by the general public, more people will stop to look and realize that there are still imperfections that need to be fixed. URBAN ART CONTROVERSIES Contrary to popular belief, urban art and vandalism are not one in the same. According to Sir Joey Quines, an art teacher from Assumption College Makati, â€Å"street art serves its purpose[,] but this does not apply to random scribbles on walls we call vandalism. [V]andalism and street art are NEVER the same. † Yet, despite hearing this input from a professional, people still regard both as socially unnacceptable and illegal. The irony of urban art appreciation. There will always be urban art controversies, and this can be seen in an article Arifa Akbar and Paul Vallely wrote for â€Å"The Independent† concerning the case of London graffiti artists being arrested for defacing public property while the work of the same group was to be put in display in a New York gallery: London is to street art at the start of the 21st century, what Paris was for Impressionism at the start of the 20th, [Bob] says with unfeigned immodesty. And yet we hate graffiti more than anywhere else in the world. England is by far and away the most draconian for punishments for what are only economic crimes. Truly, street art is not acceptable in the present because it is considered vandalism. However, the analogy of Paris to impressionist art in the 20th century to London to street art in the 21st century may give hope to street art. An example of why the spark of hope may remain is the painter Vincent Van Gogh. Van Gogh was considered to be a crazy man whose artwork never sold during the time he lived. No one really appreciated his work and he was able to sell only one of the many he did. However, today in the 21st century, Van Goghs art style is praised. This can be related to urban art since it is considered to be a crude and unorthodox form of art, but despite this, it does have the ability to gain an audience and praise in the future. However, this concern does not only pertain to England. There is another report written for â€Å"The Art Newspaper† regarding a Canadian city beginning to accept graffiti as art, yet there are still oppositions to this move. The city of Toronto formed a committee of urban art specialists in hopes of preserving the street art, however their attempts were rivaled by the building owners and city officials saying that these illustrations were still unacceptable. In spite of this event, the inhabitants of the city have begun to take a liking to urban art; there has even been a location known as â€Å"Graffiti Alley† where the works in Toronto are found (Humber). There is an irony when it comes to urban art appreciation. There are movements made to destroy this form of art, but there are also groups of people who desire to keep these designs on public walls (Imam). There has always been a problem with urban art, and this is the preservation and elimination of the said form. It is understandable, though, because most people are still more comfortable seeing art displayed in galleries, and only a number are interested in losing themselves in a city hunt for the greatest street art. Adapting and accepting urban art. Although there have been very controversial reports regarding the state of urban art and people surrounding this concept, debating on whether to accept this or not, there are certain cities that have accepted it as a part of their culture. These communities have recognized the potential of street art and decided to adapt it as a part of their districts. Graffiti in America began as just art seen on the streets in New York in the 1970s, then grew to be part of the culture. Evidence of this can be seen in Brooklyn, New York, where art tours pass by certain street artworks, according to Dave Betts (Imam). Recognition of graffiti in New York was a small step to a great development in the area: urban art acceptance and appreciation. However small the origins of this art was in New York, it soon grew to be a part of the citys culture. Verification of such acceptance is evident in Dave Betts statement referring to art appreciation tours acknowledging the existance of urban art located all over the city. From small beginnings in New York, urban art became a part of the culture and this city was not afraid to show it. URBAN ART RECOGNITION AND SUPPORT People have begun to admit that urban art is a part of their city and some areas have preserved works of different internationally known artists. It was reported that a stenciled artwork located in the city of Leipzig entitled â€Å"Madonna† from artist Blek Le Rat, has been accepted on a list of historical monuments in Saxony. In other cities such as Aachen, Zurich, and Bristol, other urban art works have been placed under a protected status to prevent them from being defaced by the public (Schilling). Urban artists and their claim for government support. In an interview with Archie Geotina, a street artist from the Philippines, he discussed the need for urban art to be supported instead of it being preserved by the governments. He stated that as a street artist, there is always the danger of your work being defaced. When asked whether street art should be preserved, he contradicted this statement by saying that preserving this form of art would destroy the fundamental concept of graffiti: liberation. Street art is designed in such a way that it adapts to its surroundings, and the art becomes a narrator of the events in the area. This is why it becomes timeless in a sense that the art acts as a narrative, and as the story continues, more art will be placed on the streets as the story goes on and on (Manco 8). According to Mr. Geotina, he believes that street art should not be preserved by the local governments, and that the artists should be supported instead. [T]he local Governments should support us, [s]hould give us that money and see what we can achieve with it. Some of us have really big dreams for our city walls[,] you know. I say, dont leave the city decoration to people who dont really care for decorating the city. Leave it to people who have the passion for it. The beauty of street art is that it was made of the streets. It is designed in such a way that it was not made to be put on display forever because it becomes a sort of narrative. Street art was made for the moment, and once the moment has passed, it will no longer be relevant. Another street artist, Dean Africa, sympathizes with Mr. Geotina with his regard towards street art preservation, stating that the government should promote the local and public arts instead, and see the artistic potential of these local artists. With the governments attention on these local artists, they can alternatively use their abilities to develop Filipino art. The significance of urban art. As stated earlier, there have been reports of different urban art movements that were created to make the pubic more aware of the social issues. This is what makes urban art important however rebellious the art may seem. The artist Banksy is an example of a thinking street artist: his art has been imitated, copied, and spread throughout society, allowing it to be reached by a large audience. The effect of this is that more people understand the truth behind advertising and mass media, allowing them to mock the process (Banksy, Shove, and Potter). The work of Banksy has been highly coveted to the point where people have stolen his work from the streets. He is also admired by so many people that he is imitated, and these aspiring artists post their own renditions of his work on the streets. Due to this, a large audience was conceived. The power of ones admiration and obsession for an urban artist can eventually lead to a large audience who begin to pay attention to the cryptic messages in the art. A significant example is Faireys movement MAYDAY. It became a historical event, which made art an important tool. Fairey, fearless of joining the helter-skelter of politics, exercised his freedom of expression. With the art he created during his time, he achieved the highest achievement art has: to bring democracy forward (DAmbrosio 34). Fairey became a revolutionary by throwing himself into reality by fighting with his art through addressing social issues with this movement. The effect that his work had on people is what art is truly made for: to suggest ideas or themes and involve the audience. URBAN ART SHOULD BE SUPPORTED As opposed to what people say when describing urban art, it is not vandalism. It is a method urban artists use to spread word about social issues affecting the country, since displaying the word on the streets will garner more attention from the public. Some people take notice of these works and praise them for such designs, while others simply scoff at the designs saying it is rubbish. Contrary to popular belief, a street artist himself stated that urban art should not be protected for it would destroy the life and meaning of street art. Instead, the urban artists should be supported by their local government units. If urban artists shed light on social, political and cultural issues that need attention, the logical response to this act would be to support them. Word about such issues will be much easier to relay to the community involved if they were seen painted on the streets. Urban artist Banksy stated that displaying your work on public property is the best way to be seen, for the designs will be immediately immersed into an audience. Urban art is not vandalism, but a representation of social issues the public should be aware of. The local government units must pay attention to urban artists and their techniques in publicizing issues relevant to the community. The methods of these urban artists are in no way harmful, for these art works are done by artists who care about their surroundings and the people involved. The intention they have for their audience is to make them more acquainted with the social issue. After the artist has done his or her job introducing the social issue to the audience, it is the viewers discretion on what he or she will do in response: to react to the issue or to ignore it. In addition to this, the designs of these urban artists can be utilized as aesthetics to create a concrete art jungle which people can enjoy. Urban art is not illegal, but it is only said to be so since it is socially unacceptable for most people to paint on the walls in the street. These artists can get caught for doing something they are passionate about, and though they should be frightened of the authorities who hunt them down, they are still unfazed by them. These artists continue this lifestyle of putting art in the streets, simply for the love of it. Through their art, they flaunt their techniques and reveal issues that more people should be aware of, a responsibility that should be done by the governing system. It should be a requirement for the government to keep the public informed about issues relevant to the locals, and it is apparent that the urban artists or â€Å"vandals† are those who actually represent these concerns through their work. Works Cited Africa, Dean. Personal interview.  2 Jan. 2013. Akbar, Arifa, and Paul Vallely. Graffiti: Street art – or crime? The Independent. 16 July 2008. 8 Nov. 2012. . Web. Banksy, Banging Your Head against a Brick Wall. United Kingdom: Weapons of Mass Disruption, 2001. PDF File. . Wall and Piece. London, UK: Random House. 2007. Print. Banksy, Gary Shove, and Patrick Potter. Banksy: You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and If You Were Not You Would Know About It. Darlington: Carpet Bombing Culture, 2012. Print. Cobcobo, Joey. Personal interview. 3 Jan. 2013.

Modern Vs. Ancient :: essays research papers

Modern Vs. Ancient "We saw her lying: she had made a noose of her fine linen veil and hanged herself. Haimon lay beside her, his love lost under ground, crying out that his father had stolen her away from him." Throughout history plays have evolved in many ways. For example, the theaters where they hold plays have changed drastically from the original theater. Costumes are another item that has changed, but the content of the play has always been similar, ever since they created the very first play. Most plays have the same motifs, and have relied on tragedy to form the play. The play, The Effects of Gamma Rays on Man in The Moon Marigolds has taken several aspects from Greek drama, specifically from the play Oedipus. The play The Effects of Gamma Rays on Man in The Moon Marigolds and both Antigone and Oedipus have used the same ideas and they both have very similar aspects to them. Although they created the modern play many years after the other two, there are still signs of the old style of writing in them, just like there are in most plays. For example, these three plays use the same motifs in their main themes, in fact they all use pretty much the same themes, and have the same morals. Just like plays passed on from generation to generation, modern plays also have morals in them, and many of those morals are similar. For example, the theme of Antigone and Oedipus was that we should listen to others, and we shouldn't think that we are always right, because there are always people who know more than we do. The theme from The Effects of Gamma Rays on Man in The Moon Marigolds is very similar. They all teach us that we should be honest, and we should listen to others. Both ancient and modern plays rely on tragedy in the plot lines. Tragedy is used for many reasons; to foreshadow upcoming events, make conflict in the play, to show the reader the consequences of different actions, to arouse the emotions of pity and fear, wonder and awe, to explore the questions of the ways of God to Man, and to purify the emotions. For example, in the play Oedipus, there were many tragedies that the author used. In the beginning of the play there was a tragedy because all the people were suffering, and there wasn't enough food. Then after that, there was the problem of who killed the king, and when Oedipus found out it was him, he realized what a fool he was for not

Research Questions, Objectives and Hypothesis

Research objectives are the goals of the research study. Research objectives specify the reason researchers are conducting research. For example, researchers may want to better understand the difference in pain scale results among subjects with a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury. In this case the research objective would cause researchers to take steps to conduct scientific analysis to determine the variations in pain experienced between a group of individuals without a diagnosis of TBI and a group of individuals with TBI.The research objective is to determine if there is a difference in perceived pain levels among patients with a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury as compared with individuals without a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury. The objective is the reason researchers are conducting the research. Farrugia et al. cites Hayes in saying when formulating a research objective it is essential to know â€Å"where the boundary between current knowle dge and ignorance lies. † (Farrugia 2010).Understanding the missing component among previously conducted research and current observations is a key component when formulating a research objective. Research questions are the questions asked in order to achieve the objective. According to Farrugia et al. , an effective research question should â€Å"specify the population of interest, be of interest to the scientific community and potentially to the public, have clinical relevance and further current knowledge in the field† and be compliant with current ethical standards (Farrugia et al. 2010).The study authors further suggest using the FINER criteria in order to develop an effective initial research question. This delineates the research question into several component parts to analyze in detail the efficacy of the research question and if, among all the available or visible possible questions, the question chosen is the most effective research question to guide the stud y. For example, according to Jackson, a research question may state â€Å"do science majors score higher on intelligence tests then students in the general population† (Jackson 2011).This question guides the course of the research study and guides researchers in setting up the study effectively and accurately. It is important, throughout the course of research, to ensure that additional questions do not cloud the initial research question (Farrugia et al. 2010). This requires a focus on the original research question and the ability of researchers to set aside additional questions that may arise for later research studies.A research hypothesis or alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis which researchers â€Å"want to support that predicts a significant difference exists between the two groups being compared† (Jackson 2011). For further description, Farrugia et al. describes the research hypothesis a hypothesis developed â€Å"from the research question and then the m ain elements of the study — sampling strategy, intervention (if applicable), comparison and outcome variables — are summarized in a form that establishes the basis for testing, statistical and ultimately clinical significance† (Farrugia et al.2010).The research hypothesis differs from the null hypothesis and sets the course of the study, the study details and types of measures used during the study. Jackson provides an example of a research hypothesis being derived from an initial research objective when a researcher wants to illustrate that children who attend educationally-based after school programs have higher IQ scores compared to children who do not attend educationally-based after school programs.The alternative hypothesis in this case would be that the researcher wants to prove that children who attend educationally-based after school programs have higher IQ scores. In order to accomplish this, because of the nature of proving and disproving facts and the impossibility of proving the truth of the hypothesis through statistics, the researcher would have to construct a null hypothesis â€Å"the hypothesis predicting that no differences exists between the groups being compares† (Jackson 2011).In this case the null hypotheses would perhaps say that children who attend academically-based after school programs have the same IQ scores as children who do not attend such programs. This would then allow the researcher to attempt to disprove the null hypothesis using inferential statistics to reject the null hypothesis, which in turn would mean the research or alternative hypothesis, is potentially supported by the data gathered by the researcher. Another important consideration is weather the hypothesis will be one-tailed or two-tailed.A one-tailed hypothesis is an hypothesis â€Å"in which the researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups† (Jackson 2011). A two-tailed hypothesis is â€Å"an al ternative hypothesis in which the researcher predicts that the groups being compared differ but does not predict the direction of the difference. † Whether one-tailed or two tailed (Jackson 2011) the hypothesis gives credence to the research and provides the schema on which researchers build their research study. Research Questions, Objectives and Hypothesis Research objectives are the goals of the research study. Research objectives specify the reason researchers are conducting research. For example, researchers may want to better understand the difference in pain scale results among subjects with a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury. In this case the research objective would cause researchers to take steps to conduct scientific analysis to determine the variations in pain experienced between a group of individuals without a diagnosis of TBI and a group of individuals with TBI.The research objective is to determine if there is a difference in perceived pain levels among patients with a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury as compared with individuals without a diagnosis of moderate traumatic brain injury. The objective is the reason researchers are conducting the research. Farrugia et al. cites Hayes in saying when formulating a research objective it is essential to know â€Å"where the boundary between current knowle dge and ignorance lies. † (Farrugia 2010).Understanding the missing component among previously conducted research and current observations is a key component when formulating a research objective. Research questions are the questions asked in order to achieve the objective. According to Farrugia et al. , an effective research question should â€Å"specify the population of interest, be of interest to the scientific community and potentially to the public, have clinical relevance and further current knowledge in the field† and be compliant with current ethical standards (Farrugia et al. 2010).The study authors further suggest using the FINER criteria in order to develop an effective initial research question. This delineates the research question into several component parts to analyze in detail the efficacy of the research question and if, among all the available or visible possible questions, the question chosen is the most effective research question to guide the stud y. For example, according to Jackson, a research question may state â€Å"do science majors score higher on intelligence tests then students in the general population† (Jackson 2011).This question guides the course of the research study and guides researchers in setting up the study effectively and accurately. It is important, throughout the course of research, to ensure that additional questions do not cloud the initial research question (Farrugia et al. 2010). This requires a focus on the original research question and the ability of researchers to set aside additional questions that may arise for later research studies.A research hypothesis or alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis which researchers â€Å"want to support that predicts a significant difference exists between the two groups being compared† (Jackson 2011). For further description, Farrugia et al. describes the research hypothesis a hypothesis developed â€Å"from the research question and then the m ain elements of the study — sampling strategy, intervention (if applicable), comparison and outcome variables — are summarized in a form that establishes the basis for testing, statistical and ultimately clinical significance† (Farrugia et al.  2010).The research hypothesis differs from the null hypothesis and sets the course of the study, the study details and types of measures used during the study. Jackson provides an example of a research hypothesis being derived from an initial research objective when a researcher wants to illustrate that children who attend educationally-based after school programs have higher IQ scores compared to children who do not attend educationally-based after school programs.The alternative hypothesis in this case would be that the researcher wants to prove that children who attend educationally-based after school programs have higher IQ scores. In order to accomplish this, because of the nature of proving and disproving facts and the impossibility of proving the truth of the hypothesis through statistics, the researcher would have to construct a null hypothesis â€Å"the hypothesis predicting that no differences exists between the groups being compares† (Jackson 2011).In this case the null hypotheses would perhaps say that children who attend academically-based after school programs have the same IQ scores as children who do not attend such programs. This would then allow the researcher to attempt to disprove the null hypothesis using inferential statistics to reject the null hypothesis, which in turn would mean the research or alternative hypothesis, is potentially supported by the data gathered by the researcher. Another important consideration is weather the hypothesis will be one-tailed or two-tailed.A one-tailed hypothesis is an hypothesis â€Å"in which the researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups† (Jackson 2011). A two-tailed hypothesis is â€Å"a n alternative hypothesis in which the researcher predicts that the groups being compared differ but does not predict the direction of the difference. † Whether one-tailed or two tailed (Jackson 2011) the hypothesis gives credence to the research and provides the schema on which researchers build their research study.

Access to Bank Credit to Small and Medium Enterprises Essay

Finance function is the most important of all business functions. It remains a focus of all business activities. Financing SMEs has acquired enormous importance in contemporary world of finances. This is primarily due to the national focus and priority of various countries – developed and developing ones as well. In the Sri Lankan context , the government has provided impetus to the authorities to increasingly cater to the emerging financial needs of the SMEs. Bank and Institutional finance are expected to be made available on easy and flexible terms and conditions and on priority basis. Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) are hit by poor access to funds. This can be overcome if financial institutions are able to assess firm- specific and general risks and offer innovative products. This as per my personal opinion can be achieved by the formal financial institutions even when the so called sound credit principles are applied in a firm-specific manner to suit individual borrowers. In order to obtain bank credit, SME loan applicant shall prepre an effective credit proposal ,in a way, that the financial institution could consider favourably. See more: Beowulf essay essay SMEs such as restaurants, lathe-work shops, brick-kilns, grocery stores, rice mills, factories and farming etc. need finance to purchase capital goods and raw materials, procure stocks, pay wages ,meet other working capital requirements and support expansion plans. Despite the efforts of the Government and support from the Ministry of Finance and Planning and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka by including SME as a priority sector and by providing refinance facilities , there continue to be a huge demand supply mismatch in SME financing. One of the major reasons for banks being unable to bridge this gap is the perceived credit risk involved in financing SMEs. This is primarily due to non-availability of proper accounting records, valid bills and working capital management etc. As at present,to mitigate such credit risks , banks typically look for enhanced collateral or equity , both of which cannot be brought in by most entrepreneurs . Further, due to small size and local presence of SMEs , the transaction costs involved in financing them are relatively very high. However, the good news is that wider credit distribution could be made to SME sector using modern secured transaction law ,introduced recently by the Secured transactions Act 2009, which recognizes utilization of movable assets of a business as collateral to obtain credit. Further the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka(CA Sri Lanka)in its capacity as the sole accounting standard setting authority in the country has introduced a simplified financial reporting standard for the benefit of the SMEs in the country. The reporting framework so far has been a general setoff accounting standards to be used by all organisations . In 2011 CA Sri Lanka published the Sri Lanka accounting standards for SMEs (SLFRS for SMEs) with effect from 1st January, 2012. By removing some accounting treatments permitted under full SLFRSs, eliminating topics and disclosure requirements that are not generally relevant to SMEs , and simplifying requirements for recognition and measurement, the SLFRS for SMEs reduces the volume of accounting treatments applicable to SMEs by more than 90% when compared with the full set of SLFRSs. SLFRS for SMEs would be applicable for the entities that do not have public accountability (listed companies) and publish general purpose financial statements for external users such as Banks and supplier creditors. This will greatly help SME entrepreneurs to access other organizations in a formal manner and enhance their businesses, once they commence practicing this accounting reporting procedure. In the face of the bank’s reluctance to lend for want of proper accounting records , these enterprises are compelled to resort to high cost, non-continuous financing from money lenders and other informal sources , or continue to operate at sub-scale. However when SMEs start practicing and using above two facilities ( provisions in the Secured Transactions Act 2009 and the simplified SME Accounting recording procedure) the problem of enjoying credit from formal institutions such as Banks will be greatly reduced. Risks faced by any business can be broadly classified as idiosyncratic or systemic. Idiosyncratic risks are specific to an enterprise , like skill of entrepreneur or location of business. Systemic risks on the other hand , are beyond the control of any enterprise Such risks make up the environment in which a business operates ,that is, the economic environment, social environment, fiscal environment etc.. Thus the systemic risk involves risks due to change in preference of customers, changes in economy and changes in tax structure etc. Therefore the key to financing any enterprise lies in the ability of the borrower submitting his credit proposal with relevant information necessary o financier to evaluate the loan applicant to manage the risks involved in the proposed business. High quality origination can help evaluate idiosyncratic risks specific to the enterprise, well. Traditional form of risk mitigation is to cushion the risks with as much as equity from the entrepreneur. A high quality local financier with geography and business specific information about such enterprises in the operational area will be able to evaluate and manage this risk well and will demand less equity to be brought in by the entrepreneurs. Systemic risks, however, are quite different from the firm-specific risks and are arising out of the changes taking place in the market characteristics. It affect the business in every aspect and as such is huge and no amount of equity is sufficient when the financier is uncertain about an enterprise selling anything at all in the environment where demand patterns and economic situations can change very quickly. Therefore particularly in financing procurement of capital goods for long periods ,the banks search for cues to establish that the business has a current and future ability to service loans, even in an uncertain business environment. Hence in financing acquisition of capital goods it takes the form of project evaluation , however small is the business. Such situations can be managed by local bank branch which is quite familiar with the market environment of the locality. Thus the turnover and the other financials can be projected by the local bank branch staff in a more realistic manner using their knowledge in customer preferences and scale of demand in the area. This helps banks to reduce the risk involved in project loan type term finance. Further more flexible and innovative evaluation techniques have to be used in considering term loans for SMEs. However, SME enterprises that have large number of cash transactions , poor record of sales, produce undifferentiated goods and lack known usual clients , assessment of systemic risk becomes very difficult. Such challenges, however, can be addressed through structures , that allow financiers to trap cash flows by imposing conditions in the loan offer letter that permit resorting to a stronger and well established sales pattern in a supply chain. Some ways of financing working capital needs of SME businesses are supply chain financing where a supplier and a buyer have maintained books of accounts properly can be financed. For example , small enterprises that manufacture and supply sauces, jam and the like to large enterprises such as supermarkets can be financed if their cash flows are reconciled with bills , or by obtaining a collateral /guarantee from the company to which it supplies. Banks also can finance similar transactions of SMEs by discounting Bills of Exchange drawn by the supplier( SME entrepreneur ) and accepted by the large enterprise to which supplies have been made. This provides part of necessary working capital needs of the enterprise enabling it to continue production at an enhanced scale.